A, the holder of the international trademark INA for ball bearings, pursued B, a private individual who had received from China 150 counterfeit ball bearings — 710 kg — stored them at his home in Finland and then handed them over to a third party for export to Russia, in exchange for cigarettes and cognac. Acquitted on appeal on the ground that he had not made commercial use of the sign, B saw the case reach the Finnish Supreme Court, which referred questions to the CJEU. The Court's answer (A v. B, C-772/18, 30 April 2020) is notable: trademark law applies to any person who, in view of the volume, frequency and nature of the operations, acts as an economic operator, whether or not commerce is their profession; ownership of the goods, knowledge of the infringement and the fact that the goods were destined for a third country are of little relevance. Civil infringement is an objective wrong, requiring no proof of intent.